Kuol Adol emerged as a leader in the period following the death of the previous Paramount Chief, his father Deng Majok in 1969. In 1974 Kuol Adol was appointed Paramount Chief of the Ngok Dinka and developed a reputation as a popular leader who was able to unite the tribe and as a fighter for his people.
He was killed on 4 May 2013 in an attack on a UNISFA (United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei) convoy in the disputed region.